Read about the Aims and Methods of of Cub Scouts
Here are things that all Cub Scouts know by heart:
Cub Scout motto: Do your best
Scout Law: A scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent.
Scout Oath: "On my honor I will do my best to do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law; to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight."
Scouts are organized by different ranks, based on grade levels. The Cub Advancement Chart is a helpful graphic to see the ranks and the kinds of "adventures" (aka activities) that they work on. Examples include:
Camping, Fishing, Cooking, Hiking, and Orienteering
Swimming, Boating, and Paddling (Canoeing, Kayaking)
Conservation and Environmental Stewardship
First Aid and Safety Training
Building, Woodworking, Whittling, and Knife Skills
Range and Target Activities (Archery)
Community Service and Citizenship
Leadership and Character Building